Available opacity species
Line absorbers
Please see the Installation section for how to obtain and use the opacities listed below. For adding more opacity species not listed here, please see Adding opacities, among them how to plug-and-play install the Exomol opacities calculated in the pRT format, available from the Exomol website.
Important
For all opacity species below, the species name must show up in the mass fraction dictionary exactly if
you want to distinguish between different line lists or isotopologues of the same molecule. For example, if
you include 'CO_12_HITEMP' and 'CO_13_HITEMP' as line absorbers, these keys must also exist in the
mass fraction dictionary when calculating a spectrum. If you do not include various istopologues or multiple
line lists for the same molecule, it is enough to just specify a 'CO' abundance. This is because pRT will
cut off everything of the species name starting from the first _ if an identical match is not found in
the mass fraction dictionary. Concrete example: if you load the 'Na_allard' line list, but there is
no 'Na_allard' entry in the mass fraction dictionary, pRT will instead look for a 'Na' entry in the
dictionary. This option thus allows you to neglect the (potentially annoying) line list flags when setting up the mass
fraction dictionary.
Default line absorbers, low resolution mode ("c-k", \(\lambda/\Delta\lambda=1000\))
These are the default line absorbers contained in the input_data folder you download during the installation.
In low resolution mode ("c-k"), most of the molecular opacities are calculated considering
only the main isotopologue. This is different only for CO and TiO, where the contribution of all isotopologues is
considered. For CO because the secondary isotopes of carbon, for example \(\rm ^{13}C\), are quite abundant
when compared to the main isotope, that is \(\rm ^{12}C/^{13}C\sim 100\), and because CO has very strong and
sparse lines. Not including these lines therefore has a noticeable effect already at low resolution. For TiO all
isotopologues are included because the relative ratios between the Ti isotopes are quite large. Apart from these
two species, the main isotopologue treatment compared very well to codes including all isotopologues, at this low
resolution, see Baudino et al. (2017).
Important
Please cite the reference mentioned in the description (click the link) when making use of a line species listed below.
Species name |
Required in mass fraction dictionary* |
Reference |
Contributor |
|---|---|---|---|
AlH |
AlH |
Main isotopologue, ExoMolOP, Yurchenko+18 |
|
AlO |
AlO |
Main isotopologue, ExoMolOP, Patrascu+15 |
|
C2H2 |
C2H2 |
||
C2H4 |
C2H4 |
||
CH4 |
CH4 |
Main isotopologue, ExoMolOP, Yurchenko+17 |
|
CO2 |
CO2 |
Main isotopologue, ExoMolOP, Yurchenko+20 |
|
CO_all_iso_HITEMP |
CO_all_iso_HITEMP |
All isotopologues, HITEMP/Kurucz, see references in here |
– |
CO_12_HITEMP |
CO_12_HITEMP |
\(\rm ^{12}CO\) isotopologue, HITEMP, see references in here |
– |
CO_13_HITEMP |
CO_13_HITEMP |
\(\rm ^{13}CO\) isotopologue, HITEMP, see references in here |
– |
CO_all_iso_Chubb |
CO_all_iso_Chubb |
||
CO_13_Chubb |
CO_13_Chubb |
||
CaH |
CaH |
||
CrH |
CrH |
Main isotopologue, ExoMolOP, Burrows+02 |
|
FeH |
FeH |
||
H2O_HITEMP |
H2O_HITEMP |
Main isotopologue, HITEMP, see references in here |
– |
H2O_Exomol |
H2O_Exomol |
Main isotopologue, ExoMolOP, Polyanski+18 |
|
H2S |
H2S |
||
HCN |
HCN |
||
K_allard |
K_allard |
Main isotopologue, VALD, Allard wings, see references in here |
– |
K_burrows |
K_burrows |
Main isotopologue, VALD, Burrows wings |
– |
K_lor_cut |
K_lor_cut |
Main isotopologue, VALD, Lorentzian wings, see references in here |
– |
MgH |
MgH |
Main isotopologue, ExoMolOP, Gharib-Nezhad+13 |
|
MgO |
MgO |
Main isotopologue, ExoMolOP, Tennyson+19 |
|
NH3 |
NH3 |
||
NaH |
NaH |
||
Na_allard |
Na_allard |
Main isotopologue, VALD, new Allard wings, see references in here |
– |
Na_burrows |
Na_burrows |
Main isotopologue, VALD, Burrows wings |
– |
Na_lor_cut |
Na_lor_cut |
Main isotopologue, VALD, Lorentzian wings, see references in here |
– |
O2 |
O2 |
||
O3 |
O3 |
Main isotopologue, HITRAN, see references in here |
– |
OH |
OH |
||
PH3 |
PH3 |
Main isotopologue, ExoMolOP, Sousa-Silva+14 |
|
SH |
SH |
||
SiO |
SiO |
||
SiO2 |
SiO2 |
||
TiO_all_Plez |
TiO_all_Plez |
All isotopologues, B. Plez, see references in here |
– |
TiO_48_Plez |
TiO_48_Plez |
\(\rm ^{48}TiO\) isotopologue, B. Plez, see references in here |
– |
TiO_all_Exomol |
TiO_all_Exomol |
All isotopologues, ExoMolOP, McKemmish+19 |
|
TiO_48_Exomol |
TiO_48_Exomol |
\(\rm ^{48}TiO\) isotopologue, ExoMolOP, McKemmish+19 |
|
VO_Plez |
VO_Plez |
Main isotopologue, B. Plez,, see references in here |
– |
VO |
VO |
Main isotopologue, ExoMolOP, McKemmish+16 |
*: see information box at the top of the page for mass fraction key handling.
Contributed atom and ion opacities:
Name |
Mass frac.* |
Ref. line list / broad. |
P (bar), T (K) range |
Contributor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Al |
Al |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
Al+ |
Al+ |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
Ca |
Ca |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
Ca+ |
Ca+ |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
Fe |
Fe |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
Fe+ |
Fe+ |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
Li |
Li |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
Mg |
Mg |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
Mg+ |
Mg+ |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
O |
O |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
Si |
Si |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
Si+ |
Si+ |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
Ti |
Ti |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
Ti+ |
Ti+ |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
V |
V |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
V+ |
V+ |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
*: see information box at the top of the page for mass fraction key handling.
Line absorbers, high resolution mode ("lbl", with \(\lambda/\Delta\lambda=10^6\))
Species name |
Required in mass fraction dictionary* |
Description |
Contributor |
|---|---|---|---|
C2H2_main_iso |
C2H2_main_iso |
Main isotopologue, HITRAN, see references in here |
– |
CH4_212 |
CH4_212 |
\(\rm CH_3D\), HITRAN, see references in here |
– |
CH4_Hargreaves_main_iso |
CH4_Hargreaves_main_iso |
Main isotopologue, HITEMP, see Hargreaves et al. (2020) |
– |
CO2_main_iso |
CO2_main_iso |
Main isotopologue, HITEMP, see references in here |
– |
CO_27 |
CO_27 |
\(\rm ^{12}C^{17}O\), HITRAN, see references in here |
– |
CO_28 |
CO_28 |
\(\rm ^{12}C^{18}O\), HITRAN, see references in here |
– |
CO_36 |
CO_36 |
\(\rm ^{13}C^{16}O\), HITRAN, see references in here |
– |
CO_37 |
CO_37 |
\(\rm ^{13}C^{17}O\), HITRAN, see references in here |
– |
CO_38 |
CO_38 |
\(\rm ^{13}C^{18}O\), HITRAN, see references in here |
– |
CO_all_iso |
CO_all_iso |
All isotopologues, see references in here |
– |
CO_main_iso |
CO_main_iso |
Main isotopologue, HITEMP, see references in here |
– |
H2O_162 |
H2O_162 |
\(\rm HDO\), HITRAN, see references in here |
– |
H2O_171 |
H2O_171 |
\(\rm H_2 \ ^{17}O\), HITRAN, see references in here |
– |
H2O_172 |
H2O_172 |
\(\rm HD^{17}O\), HITRAN, see references in here |
– |
H2O_181 |
H2O_181 |
\(\rm H_2 \ ^{18}O\), HITRAN, see references in here |
– |
H2O_182 |
H2O_182 |
\(\rm HD^{18}O\), HITRAN, see references in here |
– |
H2O_main_iso |
H2O_main_iso |
Main isotopologue, HITEMP, see references in here |
– |
H2O_pokazatel_main_iso |
H2O_pokazatel_main_iso |
Main isotopologue, Exomol, Pokazatel et al. (2018) |
|
H2S_main_iso |
H2S_main_iso |
Main isotopologue, HITRAN, see references in here |
– |
H2_12 |
H2_12 |
\(\rm HD\), HITRAN, see references in here |
– |
H2_main_iso |
H2_main_iso |
Main isotopologue, HITRAN, see references in here |
– |
HCN_main_iso |
HCN_main_iso |
Main isotopologue, Exomol, see references in here |
– |
K |
K |
Main isotopologue, VALD, Allard wings, see references in here |
– |
NH3_main_iso |
NH3_main_iso |
Main isotopologue, Exomol, see references in here |
– |
NH3_main_iso |
NH3_main_iso |
Main isotopologue, Exomol, Yurchenko et al. (2011) |
– |
NH3_Coles_main_iso |
NH3_Coles_main_iso |
Main isotopologue, Exomol, Coles et al. (2019) |
|
Na |
Na |
Main isotopologue, VALD, Allard wings, see references in here |
– |
O3_main_iso |
O3_main_iso |
Main isotopologue, HITRAN, see references in here |
– |
PH3_main_iso |
PH3_main_iso |
Main isotopologue, Exomol, Sousa-Silva et al. (2014), converted from DACE |
|
SiO_main_iso |
SiO_main_iso |
Main isotopologue, Exomol, see references in here |
– |
TiO_all_iso |
TiO_all_iso |
All isotopologues, B. Plez, see references in here |
– |
TiO_46_Plez |
TiO_46_Plez |
\(\rm \ ^{46}TiO\), B. Plez, see references in here |
– |
TiO_47_Plez |
TiO_47_Plez |
\(\rm \ ^{47}TiO\), B. Plez, see references in here |
– |
TiO_48_Plez |
TiO_48_Plez |
\(\rm \ ^{48}TiO\), B. Plez, see references in here |
– |
TiO_49_Plez |
TiO_49_Plez |
\(\rm \ ^{49}TiO\), B. Plez, see references in here |
– |
TiO_50_Plez |
TiO_50_Plez |
\(\rm \ ^{50}TiO\), B. Plez, see references in here |
– |
TiO_46_Exomol_McKemmish |
TiO_46_Exomol_McKemmish |
\(\rm \ ^{46}TiO\), Exomol, McKemmish et al. (2019) |
– |
TiO_47_Exomol_McKemmish |
TiO_47_Exomol_McKemmish |
\(\rm \ ^{47}TiO\), Exomol, McKemmish et al. (2019) |
– |
TiO_48_Exomol_McKemmish |
TiO_48_Exomol_McKemmish |
\(\rm \ ^{48}TiO\), Exomol, McKemmish et al. (2019) |
– |
TiO_49_Exomol_McKemmish |
TiO_49_Exomol_McKemmish |
\(\rm \ ^{49}TiO\), Exomol, McKemmish et al. (2019) |
– |
TiO_50_Exomol_McKemmish |
TiO_50_Exomol_McKemmish |
\(\rm \ ^{50}TiO\), Exomol, McKemmish et al. (2019) |
– |
VO |
VO |
Main isotopologue, B. Plez, see references in here |
– |
VO_ExoMol_McKemmish |
VO_ExoMol_McKemmish |
||
VO_ExoMol_Specific_Transitions |
VO_ExoMol_Specific_Transitions |
Most accurate transitions from McKemmish et al. (2016) |
|
FeH_main_iso |
FeH_main_iso |
Main isotopologue, Exomol, see references in here |
– |
*: see information box at the top of the page for mass fraction key handling.
Contributed atom and ion opacities, high resolution mode
Name |
Mass frac.* |
Ref. line list / broad. |
P (bar), T (K) range |
Contributor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Al |
Al |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
B |
B |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
Be |
Be |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
Ca |
Ca |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
CaII |
CaII |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
Cr |
Cr |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
Fe |
Fe |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
FeII |
FeII |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
Li |
Li |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
Mg |
Mg |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
MgII |
MgII |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
N |
N |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
Si |
Si |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
Ti |
Ti |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
V |
V |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
VII |
VII |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
|
Y |
Y |
Kurucz, \(\gamma_{\rm nat+VdW},\sigma_{\rm therm}\) |
\(10^{-6}\)-\(10^{3}\), 80-4000 |
*: see information box at the top of the page for mass fraction key handling.
Cloud opacities
Species name |
Required in mass fraction dictionary |
Description |
|---|---|---|
Al2O3(c)_cm |
Al2O3(c) |
Crystalline, Mie scattering (spherical) |
Al2O3(c)_cd |
Al2O3(c) |
Crystalline, DHS (irregular shape) |
Fe(c)_am |
Fe(c) |
Amorphous, Mie scattering (spherical) |
Fe(c)_ad |
Fe(c) |
Amorphous, DHS (irregular shape) |
Fe(c)_cm |
Fe(c) |
Crystalline, Mie scattering (spherical) |
Fe(c)_cd |
Fe(c) |
Crystalline, DHS (irregular shape) |
H2O(c)_cm |
H2O(c) |
Crystalline, Mie scattering (spherical) |
H2O(c)_cd |
H2O(c) |
Crystalline, DHS (irregular shape) |
KCL(c)_cm |
KCL(c) |
Crystalline, Mie scattering (spherical) |
KCL(c)_cd |
KCL(c) |
Crystalline, DHS (irregular shape) |
Mg05Fe05SiO3(c)_am |
Mg05Fe05SiO3(c) |
Amorphous, Mie scattering (spherical) |
Mg05Fe05SiO3(c)_ad |
Mg05Fe05SiO3(c) |
Amorphous, DHS (irregular shape) |
Mg2SiO4(c)_am |
Mg2SiO4(c) |
Amorphous, Mie scattering (spherical) |
Mg2SiO4(c)_ad |
Mg2SiO4(c) |
Amorphous, DHS (irregular shape) |
Mg2SiO4(c)_cm |
Mg2SiO4(c) |
Crystalline, Mie scattering (spherical) |
Mg2SiO4(c)_cd |
Mg2SiO4(c) |
Crystalline, DHS (irregular shape) |
MgAl2O4(c)_cm |
MgAl2O4(c) |
Crystalline, Mie scattering (spherical) |
MgAl2O4(c)_cd |
MgAl2O4(c) |
Crystalline, DHS (irregular shape) |
MgFeSiO4(c)_am |
MgFeSiO4(c) |
Amorphous, Mie scattering (spherical) |
MgFeSiO4(c)_ad |
MgFeSiO4(c) |
Amorphous, DHS (irregular shape) |
MgSiO3(c)_am |
MgSiO3(c) |
Amorphous, Mie scattering (spherical) |
MgSiO3(c)_ad |
MgSiO3(c) |
Amorphous, DHS (irregular shape) |
MgSiO3(c)_cm |
MgSiO3(c) |
Crystalline, Mie scattering (spherical) |
MgSiO3(c)_cd |
MgSiO3(c) |
Crystalline, DHS (irregular shape) |
Na2S(c)_cm |
Na2S(c) |
Crystalline, Mie scattering (spherical) |
Na2S(c)_cd |
Na2S(c) |
Crystalline, DHS (irregular shape) |
SiC(c)_cm |
SiC(c) |
Crystalline, Mie scattering (spherical) |
SiC(c)_cd |
SiC(c) |
Crystalline, DHS (irregular shape) |
Rayleigh scatterers
Species name |
Required in mass fraction dictionary |
|---|---|
H2 |
H2 |
He |
He |
H2O |
H2O |
CO2 |
CO2 |
O2 |
O2 |
N2 |
N2 |
CO |
CO |
CH4 |
CH4 |
Continuum opacity sources
Species name |
Required in mass fraction dictionary |
Descripton |
|---|---|---|
H2-H2 |
H2 |
Collision induced absorption (CIA) |
H2-He |
H2, He |
Collision induced absorption (CIA) |
H2O-H2O |
H2O |
Collision induced absorption (CIA) |
H2O-N2 |
H2O, N2 |
Collision induced absorption (CIA) |
N2-H2 |
N2, H2 |
Collision induced absorption (CIA) |
N2-He |
N2, He |
Collision induced absorption (CIA) |
N2-N2 |
N2 |
Collision induced absorption (CIA) |
O2-O2 |
O2 |
Collision induced absorption (CIA) |
N2-O2 |
N2, O2 |
Collision induced absorption (CIA) |
CO2-CO2 |
CO2 |
Collision induced absorption (CIA) |
H- |
H, H-, e- |
H- bound-free and free-free opacity |